Cybersecurity: how to recognize fake news?

Fake news and online fraud are now well-known phenomena. Yet, many people still struggle to distinguish fact from fiction. Social media, news sites, and messaging apps flood us with information on a daily basis, not all of which is reliable. It is therefore essential to remain vigilant online.

Fight against fake news

Be critical of information on the Internet

An important first reflex is to check the source of the information. Who created or shared the content? Is it a recognized news organization, an official body or an unknown website?  It should also be checked whether the author is mentioned and whether he or she has relevant expertise. On some sites, an "About Us" section may provide additional context about where the information came from.

It is also useful to cross-check the information and check whether it is confirmed by other reliable sources. When in doubt, it's best to take a step back and avoid reacting, liking or sharing impulsively. Indeed, fake news often plays on emotions such as indignation or fear, so that messages go viral more quickly.

Why fake news doesn't work the same way today as it did yesterday

The way fake news spreads has changed a lot in recent years. Social media algorithms mainly show content that matches users' interests and beliefs. As a result, they find themselves in an information bubble where similar messages reinforce each other.

Old messages or images are also resurfacing more and more often, detached from their original context. What was correct in the past may be outdated or deceitful today. Similarly, with the increasing use of artificial intelligence, it is becoming more difficult to recognize fictitious images, videos or texts. A high number of likes, shares or comments is therefore no guarantee of reliability.

Fact-checking and reliable tools

People who doubt the veracity of certain information online can turn to various fact-checking tools. In Flanders, the editorial offices of VRT NWS, among others, carry out fact-checks through their NWS Check section. Mediawijs, the Flemish centre for knowledge and digital and media literacy, supports citizens by providing them with tips and tools to critically evaluate online information.
Safeonweb also remains a central and up-to-date point of reference in the event of phishing alerts and notifications. At the level of the federal authority, this issue is managed by the National Crisis Centre. You will also find information and links to reliable Belgian sources on their websites.

In French-speaking Belgium, platforms such as hoax-net.be and Faky (RTBF) offer in-depth fact-checks, including viral messages and AI-generated content.

Legislation: Digital Services Act

There is clear legislation today that requires social media platforms to actively combat fake news, misleading information, and disinformation. The European Digital Services Act (DSR – 2022/2065) has been in force in all European Union member states since 17 February 2024.

This legislation sets certain obligations for social media platforms, search engines and online marketplaces. The NSR requires platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, X or LinkedIn to:

  • Fight illegal and misleading content:
    • provide a mechanism for reporting illegal content and fraud;
    • React quickly to reports (notice & action);
    • To suspend repeat offenders.
  • Fight against false and misleading advertising:
    • Clearly identify advertisements;
    • ensuring transparency as to who is funding advertising;
    • set additional obligations for political and societal advertising;
    • No targeted ads based on sensitive data or aimed at minors.
  • Be transparent with regard to algorithms:
    • explain how recommendation systems work;
    • Giving users more control over what's happening right in front of their eyes.

 

The Code of Conduct on Disinformation was created in 2018, but it was not binding at the time. It was officially integrated into the RSN on February 13, 2025. Since 1 July 2025, it has been applicable to very large platforms.

Belgium has designated four competent authorities to ensure compliance with the NSR:

 In short: stay vigilant!

The best weapon against fake news is critical thinking. Check the source and date of the information, don't be fooled by its popularity or emotions, and take your time before sharing any information. This will help you create a more secure and reliable digital environment.